Muscle growth and atrophy: how does the myonuclear domain theory work?
What's happening in your muscles when you train them? What's inside them that actually causes them to grow bigger and stronger? How does this relate to muscle memory? What does this mean for your training? Naomi, a chembio engineer by training, takes us on a deep dive into the science behind skeletal muscle growth and memory in a 3-video series. This is video 2 of that series.
SOURCES
IMAGES
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blausen_0801_SkeletalMuscle.png
Blausen.com staff (2014). "Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436., CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_methylation.jpg
Christoph Bock, Max Planck Institute for Informatics, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1jyn.jpg
Deposition authors: Juers, D.H., Matthews, B.W.; visualization author: User:Astrojan, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Process_of_transcription_%2813080846733%29.jpg
Genomics Education Programme, CC BY 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chromatin_and_histones.jpg
Darryl Leja, NHGRI, Public domain, lähde: Wikimedia Commons
REFERENCE VIDEOS:
Overview of muscle structure, satellite cells, and myonuclei activity:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0WYGHWKmEfI
Muscle memory lecture by Krisitian Gundersen (proposing that myonuclei are not lost during detraining):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqWa74fP38Q&t=24s
RESEARCH PAPERS
The myonuclear domain in adult skeletal muscle fibres: past, present and future:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9931674/
Fusion and beyond: satellite cell contributions to loading-induced skeletal muscle adaptation:
https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fj.202101096R
Papers supporting theory that myonuclei are not lost during detraining:
Myonuclei acquired by overloading exercise precede hypertrophy and are not lost on detraining:
https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0913935107
Papers supporting theory that myonuclei are lost during detraining:
Skeletal muscle activity and the fate of myonuclei:
Effects of inactivity on fiber size and myonuclear number in rat soleus muscle:
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00394.2005
Papers supporting epigenetic contributions:
Myonuclear permanence in skeletal muscle memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcsm.13043
Myonuclear transcriptional dynamics in response to exercise following satellite cell depletion:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9931674/
Skeletal muscle memory:
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/ajpcell.00099.2023
Impact of physical activity and exercise on the epigenome in skeletal muscle and effects on systemic metabolism:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8773693/
Busting muscle myths:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366520222_Busting_muscle_myths
